Product classification
HS code for Small hydro turbine: 8410.11
Turbines, hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power not exceeding 1000kW.
Classification of small hydro turbine under HS 8410.11
Hydraulic turbines and water wheels with a power output not exceeding 1,000 kW are classified under HS code 8410.11. This code belongs to Chapter 84, which covers mechanical appliances. Heading 8410 is dedicated to hydraulic turbines, water wheels, and regulators therefor. The classification is primarily based on the power capacity of the turbine. Small-scale hydroelectric projects often utilize these turbines to convert the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy, which is then typically used to drive a generator. The 1,000 kW limit distinguishes "small" turbines from "medium" and "large" variants. Accurate classification requires technical documentation specifying the maximum power output under standard operating conditions. The classification includes the turbine itself and may include the regulators imported with them, provided they form a functional unit. The General Interpretative Rules (GIR) 1 and 6 provide the legal basis for this classification, focusing on the power threshold as the primary determinant for the subheading.
- Covers
- Micro-hydro turbines under 1000kW
- Pelton wheels for small-scale power
- Francis turbines with output under 1000kW
- Kaplan turbines for low-head applications
- Water wheels for mechanical power
- Also under 8410.11
- Ossberger cross-flow turbines (small models)
- Voith Hydro (small systems)
- GE Renewable Energy (small hydro solutions)
Codes often confused with 8410.11
Common mistake. Small hydro turbines are frequently misclassified under HS code 8410.12, which is for turbines with a power output exceeding 1,000 kW but not exceeding 10,000 kW. Another common error is classifying the turbine under 8410.90, which is reserved for parts of hydraulic turbines rather than the complete units. Furthermore, if the turbine is imported already attached to an electric generator, the entire assembly must be classified under heading 8502 as an electric generating set.
Top exporters and importers of HS 841011 (the code used for small hydro turbine), 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS 841011 (the code used for small hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data was the United States, with 20% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was the United Kingdom, with 18% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Figures cover everything classified under HS 841011, not only small hydro turbine.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 United States $12M 20% of world exports
- 2 United Kingdom $10M 17% of world exports
- 3 Italy $5.6M 9.5% of world exports
World total: $59M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 United Kingdom $14M 18% of world imports
- 2 Qatar* ~$9.6M 13% of world imports · partner records ↗
- 3 Slovakia $7.7M 10% of world imports
World total: $76M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries marked * did not, so their figures add up what other countries recorded trading with them, and their exports are valued at buyers' CIF prices. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for small hydro turbine
Brazil classifies small hydro turbine under NCM 8410.11.00: HS 8410.11 with 00 added.
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text on each NCM page is the official one.
Questions about small hydro turbine
What is the HS code for Small hydro turbine?
The HS code for Small hydro turbine is 841011 (Turbines; hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power not exceeding 1000kW). The HS code for hydraulic turbines and water wheels with a power output not exceeding 1,000 kW is 8410.11.
How do I classify Small hydro turbine for customs?
Small hydro turbine is classified under HS code 841011 — Turbines; hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power not exceeding 1000kW. This is a 6-digit subheading level code.
Are the regulators included in this code?
Yes, heading 8410 includes regulators for hydraulic turbines. If imported with the turbine, they are generally classified together under the turbine's subheading.
Which countries are the top exporters of small hydro turbine (HS 841011)?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS 841011 (the code used for small hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data were the United States ($12M, 20% of world exports), the United Kingdom ($10M) and Italy ($5.6M). World exports came to about $59M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of small hydro turbine (HS 841011)?
In 2025, the top importers of HS 841011 (the code used for small hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data were the United Kingdom ($14M, 18% of world imports), Qatar (about $9.6M) and Slovakia ($7.7M). World imports came to about $76M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Is the HS code for Small hydro turbine the same in all countries?
The base HS code 841011 for Small hydro turbine is internationally standardized for the first 6 digits across 200+ countries. Individual countries may add additional digits for national tariff lines and specific classifications.
What is the NCM code for small hydro turbine in Brazil?
In Brazil, small hydro turbine (HS 841011) is classified under NCM 8410.11.00.