Product classification
HS code for Hydro turbine: 8410.12
Turbines, hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power exceeding 1000kW but not exceeding 10000kW.
Classification of hydro turbine under HS 8410.12
Hydro turbines with a power output exceeding 1,000 kW but not exceeding 10,000 kW are classified under HS code 841012. This classification falls under Chapter 84, which covers nuclear reactors, boilers, machinery, and mechanical appliances. The classification logic follows the hierarchical structure of the Harmonized System, where hydraulic turbines are first identified by their mechanical function (converting the energy of flowing water into mechanical energy) and then sub-categorized based on their specific power rating. For customs purposes, the power rating is the primary determinant for the six-digit subheading. This specific code is essential for identifying medium-scale hydroelectric equipment used in regional power grids or industrial facilities. The classification includes the turbine itself and its essential components, provided they are presented together as a functional unit.
- Covers
- Francis turbines (1MW to 10MW)
- Kaplan turbines (1MW to 10MW)
- Pelton wheels (1MW to 10MW)
- Propeller-type hydraulic turbines
- Water wheels within the specified power range
- Turbine runners and housings presented as a unit
- Also under 8410.12
- Andritz Hydro Francis turbines
- Voith Hydro Kaplan turbines
- GE Renewable Energy medium-sized hydro units
Codes often confused with 8410.12
Common mistake. The most frequent misclassification occurs between HS code 841012 and its neighboring codes, 841011 (power not exceeding 1,000 kW) and 841013 (power exceeding 10,000 kW). Accurate technical documentation of the turbine's rated capacity is required to justify the selection. Additionally, many importers mistakenly classify the entire hydroelectric set under HS code 8501 (Electric motors and generators). However, the turbine and the generator are distinct mechanical entities; if the turbine is imported without the generator, it must stay in 8410. If imported as a combined unit, it may fall under 8502.39.
Top exporters and importers of HS 841012 (the code used for hydro turbine), 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS 841012 (the code used for hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data was Italy, with 22% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was Guatemala, with 24% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Figures cover everything classified under HS 841012, not only hydro turbine.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 Italy $10.0M 22% of world exports
- 2 Austria $9.0M 20% of world exports
- 3 Germany $6.6M 14% of world exports
World total: $46M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 Guatemala $15M 24% of world imports
- 2 Philippines $4.3M 6.9% of world imports
- 3 Azerbaijan $4.1M 6.6% of world imports
World total: $63M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries that did not report are estimated from what other countries recorded trading with them. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for hydro turbine
Brazil classifies hydro turbine under NCM 8410.12.00: HS 8410.12 with 00 added.
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text on each NCM page is the official one.
Questions about hydro turbine
What is the HS code for Hydro turbine?
The HS code for Hydro turbine is 841012 (Turbines; hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power exceeding 1000kW but not exceeding 10000kW). The HS code for a hydro turbine with a power output between 1,000 kW and 10,000 kW is 841012.
How do I classify Hydro turbine for customs?
Hydro turbine is classified under HS code 841012 — Turbines; hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power exceeding 1000kW but not exceeding 10000kW. This is a 6-digit subheading level code.
Does this HS code include the electric generator?
No, HS code 841012 specifically covers the hydraulic turbine. Electric generators are classified separately under heading 8501 or as part of a generating set in 8502.
Which countries are the top exporters of hydro turbine (HS 841012)?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS 841012 (the code used for hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data were Italy ($10.0M, 22% of world exports), Austria ($9.0M) and Germany ($6.6M). World exports came to about $46M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of hydro turbine (HS 841012)?
In 2025, the top importers of HS 841012 (the code used for hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data were Guatemala ($15M, 24% of world imports), the Philippines ($4.3M) and Azerbaijan ($4.1M). World imports came to about $63M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Is the HS code for Hydro turbine the same in all countries?
The base HS code 841012 for Hydro turbine is internationally standardized for the first 6 digits across 200+ countries. Individual countries may add additional digits for national tariff lines and specific classifications.
What is the NCM code for hydro turbine in Brazil?
In Brazil, hydro turbine (HS 841012) is classified under NCM 8410.12.00.