Product classification
HS code for Medium hydro turbine: 8410.12
Turbines, hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power exceeding 1000kW but not exceeding 10000kW.
Classification of medium hydro turbine under HS 8410.12
Medium hydro turbines are classified under HS code 8410.12. Heading 8410 covers hydraulic turbines, water wheels, and regulators therefor. The subheadings under 8410 are divided based on the power output of the turbine. Subheading 8410.12 is specifically for turbines with a power output exceeding 1,000 kW but not exceeding 10,000 kW. This power-based classification is a primary example of how the Harmonized System differentiates heavy industrial machinery. The classification includes the turbine itself, which consists of a rotor (runner) and a stator (casing) that converts the energy of moving water into mechanical energy. According to the Chapter 84 notes, the turbine and its associated regulator are often classified together even if presented separately, provided they are intended to function as a unit. The 'medium' designation in the trade refers to this specific power range, which is common in small-to-mid-scale hydroelectric power plants.
- Covers
- Francis turbines (1,001 kW - 10,000 kW)
- Kaplan turbines (1,001 kW - 10,000 kW)
- Pelton wheels (1,001 kW - 10,000 kW)
- Propeller-type hydraulic turbines
- Cross-flow turbines within the specified power range
- Also under 8410.12
- Andritz Hydro Francis turbines
- Voith Hydro Kaplan turbines
- GE Renewable Energy medium-sized hydro units
Codes often confused with 8410.12
Common mistake. The most common misclassification occurs between the different power brackets of heading 8410. HS code 8410.11 is for turbines with a power output not exceeding 1,000 kW, while 8410.13 is for large-scale turbines exceeding 10,000 kW. Misreporting the power output can lead to significant issues with trade statistics and duty rates. Additionally, some importers mistakenly classify hydro turbines as electric generators under heading 8501. While they are often coupled, the turbine (the prime mover) and the generator are distinct components with separate HS codes unless they form a single unit like a turbo-generator.
Top exporters and importers of HS 841012 (the code used for medium hydro turbine), 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS 841012 (the code used for medium hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data was Italy, with 22% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was Guatemala, with 24% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Figures cover everything classified under HS 841012, not only medium hydro turbine.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 Italy $10.0M 22% of world exports
- 2 Austria $9.0M 20% of world exports
- 3 Germany $6.6M 14% of world exports
World total: $46M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 Guatemala $15M 24% of world imports
- 2 Philippines $4.3M 6.9% of world imports
- 3 Azerbaijan $4.1M 6.6% of world imports
World total: $63M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries that did not report are estimated from what other countries recorded trading with them. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for medium hydro turbine
Brazil classifies medium hydro turbine under NCM 8410.12.00: HS 8410.12 with 00 added.
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text on each NCM page is the official one.
Questions about medium hydro turbine
What is the HS code for Medium hydro turbine?
The HS code for Medium hydro turbine is 841012 (Turbines; hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power exceeding 1000kW but not exceeding 10000kW). The HS code for a hydraulic turbine with a power output between 1,001 kW and 10,000 kW is 8410.12.
How do I classify Medium hydro turbine for customs?
Medium hydro turbine is classified under HS code 841012 — Turbines; hydraulic turbines and water wheels, of a power exceeding 1000kW but not exceeding 10000kW. This is a 6-digit subheading level code.
Are the control regulators included in this code?
Yes, HS code 8410.12 includes the hydraulic turbine and the regulators specifically designed for them.
Which countries are the top exporters of medium hydro turbine (HS 841012)?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS 841012 (the code used for medium hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data were Italy ($10.0M, 22% of world exports), Austria ($9.0M) and Germany ($6.6M). World exports came to about $46M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of medium hydro turbine (HS 841012)?
In 2025, the top importers of HS 841012 (the code used for medium hydro turbine) in UN Comtrade data were Guatemala ($15M, 24% of world imports), the Philippines ($4.3M) and Azerbaijan ($4.1M). World imports came to about $63M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Is the HS code for Medium hydro turbine the same in all countries?
The base HS code 841012 for Medium hydro turbine is internationally standardized for the first 6 digits across 200+ countries. Individual countries may add additional digits for national tariff lines and specific classifications.
What is the NCM code for medium hydro turbine in Brazil?
In Brazil, medium hydro turbine (HS 841012) is classified under NCM 8410.12.00.