HS code · 6-digit subheading
HS Code 8514.31 – Furnaces and ovens; electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, electron beam furnaces
HS code 8514.31 is the 6-digit subheading for furnaces and ovens, electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, electron beam furnaces. It is used for electron beam melting furnaces, electron beam welding machines (furnace-like), vacuum arc remelting (VAR) furnaces, plasma arc furnaces and laser furnaces (industrial).
What HS 8514.31 covers
This HS code specifically covers electron beam furnaces for industrial or laboratory use, distinguishing them from resistance-heated or induction/dielectric loss furnaces. Electron beam furnaces utilize a focused beam of high-energy electrons to melt, refine, or process materials in a vacuum environment. This technology is crucial for producing high-purity metals, alloys, and advanced materials, particularly for industries like aerospace, medical, and nuclear, where material integrity and performance are paramount. They are also used in specialized coating and additive manufacturing processes. Major exporters are highly specialized engineering companies, primarily from technologically advanced nations, while importers are research institutions and high-tech manufacturing facilities worldwide. Key considerations include the high vacuum requirements, precise beam control, and the ability to process refractory and reactive metals, highlighting their role in cutting-edge material science and production.
- Covers
- Electron beam melting furnaces
- Electron beam welding machines (furnace-like)
- Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) furnaces
- Plasma arc furnaces
- Laser furnaces (industrial)
- Electron beam evaporators
- Examples
- Leybold Electron Beam Furnaces
- Arcam EBM (Electron Beam Melting) machines
- ALD Vacuum Technologies Electron Beam Furnaces
- Consarc Vacuum Arc Remelting Furnaces
Codes often confused with 8514.31
Common mistake. This code is for *electron beam* furnaces, distinct from resistance (85141x) or induction/dielectric (851420) heating methods, which are classified separately.
Top exporters and importers of HS code 851431, 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS code 851431 in UN Comtrade data was Germany, with 48% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was the United States, with 23% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 Germany $43M 48% of world exports
- 2 Singapore $11M 12% of world exports
- 3 Malaysia $11M 12% of world exports
World total: $91M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 United States $23M 23% of world imports
- 2 Malaysia $18M 17% of world imports
- 3 Singapore $11M 11% of world imports
World total: $103M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries that did not report are estimated from what other countries recorded trading with them. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for 8514.31
Brazil does not split HS 8514.31: its NCM code is 8514.31.00.
All Brazil NCM codes in heading 85.14 →
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text is official; the English is our translation.
Questions about HS 8514.31
What is HS code 851431?
HS code 851431 is a 6-digit subheading in the Harmonized System that covers: Furnaces and ovens; electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, electron beam furnaces. This HS code specifically covers electron beam furnaces for industrial or laboratory use, distinguishing them from resistance-heated or induction/dielectric loss furnaces. Electron beam furnaces utilize a focused beam of high-energy electrons to melt, refine, or process materials in a vacuum environment. This technology is crucial for producing high-purity metals, alloys, and advanced materials, particularly for industries like aerospace, medical, and nuclear, where material integrity and performance are paramount. They are also used in specialized coating and additive manufacturing processes. Major exporters are highly specialized engineering companies, primarily from technologically advanced nations, while importers are research institutions and high-tech manufacturing facilities worldwide. Key considerations include the high vacuum requirements, precise beam control, and the ability to process refractory and reactive metals, highlighting their role in cutting-edge material science and production.
What products fall under HS code 851431?
Electron beam melting furnaces, Electron beam welding machines (furnace-like), Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) furnaces, Plasma arc furnaces, Laser furnaces (industrial), Electron beam evaporators
What are common misclassifications for HS code 851431?
This code is for *electron beam* furnaces, distinct from resistance (85141x) or induction/dielectric (851420) heating methods, which are classified separately.
Which countries are the top exporters of goods under HS code 851431?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS code 851431 in UN Comtrade data were Germany ($43M, 48% of world exports), Singapore ($11M) and Malaysia ($11M). World exports came to about $91M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of goods under HS code 851431?
In 2025, the top importers of HS code 851431 in UN Comtrade data were the United States ($23M, 23% of world imports), Malaysia ($18M) and Singapore ($11M). World imports came to about $103M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
How is HS code 851431 structured?
HS code 851431 is a 6-digit subheading under the Harmonized System. The first 2 digits (85) identify the chapter, digits 3-4 (14) identify the heading, and digits 5-6 (31) specify the subheading. This code is standardized globally by the World Customs Organization.
What is the Brazil NCM code for HS code 851431?
In Brazil, HS code 851431 is NCM 8514.31.00. The last two digits are 00 because Brazil does not split this HS code further.