Product classification
HS code for Electron beam furnace: 8514.31
Furnaces and ovens, electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, electron beam furnaces.
Classification of electron beam furnace under HS 8514.31
The classification of electron beam furnaces falls under HS code 8514.31. This specific code is designated for industrial or laboratory furnaces and ovens that utilize electron beams as the primary heating source. Unlike resistance-heated or induction furnaces, electron beam furnaces operate by directing a high-energy stream of electrons onto a target material within a vacuum chamber. This process allows for extremely high temperatures and precise control, making it essential for melting refractory metals like tantalum, niobium, and tungsten. The General Rules for the Interpretation (GRI) of the Harmonized System dictate that products must be classified according to the most specific description. Since 8514.31 explicitly mentions "electron beam furnaces," it takes precedence over more general categories within heading 8514. The vacuum systems and control consoles integrated into these units are typically classified together with the furnace as a functional unit, provided they are presented as a complete system for industrial use.
- Covers
- High-vacuum electron beam melting furnaces
- Electron beam evaporation furnaces for thin-film deposition
- Electron beam welding furnaces (when integrated with furnace functions)
- Laboratory-scale electron beam heating units
- Refractory metal refining furnaces
- Also under 8514.31
- Leybold Electron Beam Furnaces
- Arcam EBM (Electron Beam Melting) machines
- ALD Vacuum Technologies Electron Beam Furnaces
- Consarc Vacuum Arc Remelting Furnaces
Codes often confused with 8514.31
Common mistake. Electron beam furnaces are frequently misclassified under HS code 8514.10, which covers resistance-heated furnaces, or 8514.20, which covers induction or dielectric furnaces. The distinction lies in the physical method of heat generation; 8514.31 is exclusive to electron beam technology. Additionally, they are sometimes confused with heading 8417, which covers non-electric industrial furnaces, but since these units rely on electrical electron acceleration, Chapter 85 is the correct placement.
Top exporters and importers of HS 851431 (the code used for electron beam furnace), 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS 851431 (the code used for electron beam furnace) in UN Comtrade data was Germany, with 48% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was the United States, with 23% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Figures cover everything classified under HS 851431, not only electron beam furnace.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 Germany $43M 48% of world exports
- 2 Singapore $11M 12% of world exports
- 3 Malaysia $11M 12% of world exports
World total: $91M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 United States $23M 23% of world imports
- 2 Malaysia $18M 17% of world imports
- 3 Singapore $11M 11% of world imports
World total: $103M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries that did not report are estimated from what other countries recorded trading with them. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for electron beam furnace
Brazil classifies electron beam furnace under NCM 8514.31.00: HS 8514.31 with 00 added.
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text on each NCM page is the official one.
Questions about electron beam furnace
What is the HS code for Electron beam furnace?
The HS code for Electron beam furnace is 851431 (Furnaces and ovens; electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, electron beam furnaces). The primary HS code for an electron beam furnace is 8514.31, which covers industrial or laboratory electron beam furnaces.
How do I classify Electron beam furnace for customs?
Electron beam furnace is classified under HS code 851431 — Furnaces and ovens; electric, for industrial or laboratory use, other than those functioning by induction, dielectric loss or resistance heated, electron beam furnaces. This is a 6-digit subheading level code.
Can these be classified as welding machines?
If the primary function is welding rather than melting or heat treatment, the device might fall under 8515. However, most industrial electron beam furnaces used for material processing remain in 8514.31.
Which countries are the top exporters of electron beam furnace (HS 851431)?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS 851431 (the code used for electron beam furnace) in UN Comtrade data were Germany ($43M, 48% of world exports), Singapore ($11M) and Malaysia ($11M). World exports came to about $91M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of electron beam furnace (HS 851431)?
In 2025, the top importers of HS 851431 (the code used for electron beam furnace) in UN Comtrade data were the United States ($23M, 23% of world imports), Malaysia ($18M) and Singapore ($11M). World imports came to about $103M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Is the HS code for Electron beam furnace the same in all countries?
The base HS code 851431 for Electron beam furnace is internationally standardized for the first 6 digits across 200+ countries. Individual countries may add additional digits for national tariff lines and specific classifications.
What is the NCM code for electron beam furnace in Brazil?
In Brazil, electron beam furnace (HS 851431) is classified under NCM 8514.31.00.