Product classification
HS code for Hardwood firewood: 4401.12
Wood, for fuel, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or similar forms, whether or not agglomerated, non-coniferous.
Classification of hardwood firewood under HS 4401.12
Hardwood firewood is classified under HS code 4401.12, which covers fuel wood in logs, billets, twigs, faggots, or similar forms, specifically from non-coniferous species. This classification is part of Heading 4401, which encompasses fuel wood, wood in chips or particles, sawdust, and wood waste and scrap. The primary criterion for classification under 4401.12 is that the wood is intended for use as fuel and is derived from hardwood trees (angiosperms). The wood may be split or unsplit, but it must be in a state that indicates its use for combustion rather than for industrial processing into lumber or furniture. This code excludes wood that has been carbonized (charcoal) or wood that has been treated with paint, stains, or preservatives for structural use. The distinction between coniferous (softwood) and non-coniferous (hardwood) is critical for statistical and regulatory purposes in international trade, as hardwood is often preferred for its higher energy density and longer burn time in residential and industrial heating applications.
- Covers
- Split oak logs for firewood
- Hardwood billets for wood-burning stoves
- Bundled hardwood twigs and faggots
- Non-coniferous wood waste used as fuel
- Hardwood logs with bark for domestic heating
- Also under 4401.12
- Local hardwood firewood suppliers
- specific brands of kiln-dried oak logs
- wood from certified sustainable forests
- restaurant-grade cooking wood
- cherry wood logs
Codes often confused with 4401.12
Common mistake. Hardwood firewood is frequently misclassified under HS code 4401.11, which is specifically for coniferous (softwood) firewood like pine or spruce. It is also sometimes confused with HS code 4403.99, which covers non-coniferous wood in the rough (logs) intended for sawing or veneer. The distinction lies in the intended use and the physical preparation of the wood for fuel.
Top exporters and importers of HS 440112 (the code used for hardwood firewood), 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS 440112 (the code used for hardwood firewood) in UN Comtrade data was Latvia, with 19% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was the United Kingdom, with 22% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Figures cover everything classified under HS 440112, not only hardwood firewood.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 Latvia $91M 19% of world exports
- 2 Bosnia and Herzegovina $65M 14% of world exports
- 3 Lithuania $57M 12% of world exports
World total: $477M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 United Kingdom $97M 22% of world imports
- 2 Italy $50M 11% of world imports
- 3 South Africa $40M 9.2% of world imports
World total: $440M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries that did not report are estimated from what other countries recorded trading with them. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for hardwood firewood
Brazil classifies hardwood firewood under NCM 4401.12.00: HS 4401.12 with 00 added.
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text on each NCM page is the official one.
EU Regulatory Requirements
This product category is subject to the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). Importers must provide due diligence statements proving the product was not produced on deforested land after December 31, 2020.
This product is covered by the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR), requiring operators to exercise due diligence to minimize the risk of placing illegally harvested timber on the EU market.
Questions about hardwood firewood
What is the HS code for Hardwood firewood?
The HS code for Hardwood firewood is 440112 (Wood; for fuel, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or similar forms, whether or not agglomerated, non-coniferous). The specific HS code for hardwood firewood is 4401.12, representing non-coniferous fuel wood.
How do I classify Hardwood firewood for customs?
Hardwood firewood is classified under HS code 440112 — Wood; for fuel, in logs, in billets, in twigs, in faggots or similar forms, whether or not agglomerated, non-coniferous. This is a 6-digit subheading level code.
Does this code include wood pellets?
No, wood pellets are classified under HS code 4401.31. While they are fuel wood, they are considered agglomerated wood waste, which has its own specific subheadings under 4401.
Which countries are the top exporters of hardwood firewood (HS 440112)?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS 440112 (the code used for hardwood firewood) in UN Comtrade data were Latvia ($91M, 19% of world exports), Bosnia and Herzegovina ($65M) and Lithuania ($57M). World exports came to about $477M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of hardwood firewood (HS 440112)?
In 2025, the top importers of HS 440112 (the code used for hardwood firewood) in UN Comtrade data were the United Kingdom ($97M, 22% of world imports), Italy ($50M) and South Africa ($40M). World imports came to about $440M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Is the HS code for Hardwood firewood the same in all countries?
The base HS code 440112 for Hardwood firewood is internationally standardized for the first 6 digits across 200+ countries. Individual countries may add additional digits for national tariff lines and specific classifications.
What is the NCM code for hardwood firewood in Brazil?
In Brazil, hardwood firewood (HS 440112) is classified under NCM 4401.12.00.