HS code · 6-digit subheading
HS Code 8603.90 – Railway or tramway coaches, vans and trucks; self-propelled, powered other than from an external source of electricity (excluding those of heading no. 8604)
HS code 8603.90 is the 6-digit subheading for railway or tramway coaches, vans and trucks, self-propelled, powered other than from an external source of electricity (excluding those of heading no. 8604). It is used for diesel Multiple Units (DMUs), hydrogen trains, bi-mode trains, diesel railcars and gas turbine railcars.
What HS 8603.90 covers
This HS code covers self-propelled railway or tramway coaches, vans, and trucks powered by means other than an external source of electricity, excluding maintenance vehicles. This category primarily includes Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs), but also encompasses emerging technologies like hydrogen-powered trains or bi-mode trains operating on non-electrified lines. These vehicles are crucial for regional and branch line services where electrification is not economically viable or technically feasible. Importers include regional railway operators and leasing companies, with major rolling stock manufacturers acting as exporters. The trade is influenced by the need for flexible, self-contained transport solutions, often in areas with lower passenger density. Key factors include fuel efficiency, emissions regulations, and the ability to operate independently of overhead lines or third rails.
- Covers
- Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs)
- Hydrogen trains
- Bi-mode trains
- Diesel railcars
- Gas turbine railcars
- Self-propelled inspection cars (non-maintenance)
- Regional diesel trains
- Examples
- Alstom Coradia iLint (hydrogen)
- Siemens Mireo Plus B (battery-hybrid)
- Bombardier Talent 2 (DMU variant)
- Pesa Link (DMU)
- Stadler FLIRT (DMU variant)
Codes often confused with 8603.90
Common mistake. This code is differentiated from 8603.10 (externally electric powered vehicles) and 8604.00 (railway maintenance vehicles), as it covers self-propelled passenger/freight vehicles with internal combustion or alternative non-electric external power.
Top exporters and importers of HS code 860390, 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS code 860390 in UN Comtrade data was Poland, with 58% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was Czechia, with 28% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 Poland $351M 58% of world exports
- 2 China $75M 12% of world exports
- 3 Switzerland $46M 7.7% of world exports
World total: $601M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 Czechia $119M 28% of world imports
- 2 Australia $85M 20% of world imports
- 3 Austria $43M 10% of world imports
World total: $423M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries that did not report are estimated from what other countries recorded trading with them. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for 8603.90
Brazil does not split HS 8603.90: its NCM code is 8603.90.00.
All Brazil NCM codes in heading 86.03 →
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text is official; the English is our translation.
Questions about HS 8603.90
What is HS code 860390?
HS code 860390 is a 6-digit subheading in the Harmonized System that covers: Railway or tramway coaches, vans and trucks; self-propelled, powered other than from an external source of electricity (excluding those of heading no. 8604). This HS code covers self-propelled railway or tramway coaches, vans, and trucks powered by means other than an external source of electricity, excluding maintenance vehicles. This category primarily includes Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs), but also encompasses emerging technologies like hydrogen-powered trains or bi-mode trains operating on non-electrified lines. These vehicles are crucial for regional and branch line services where electrification is not economically viable or technically feasible. Importers include regional railway operators and leasing companies, with major rolling stock manufacturers acting as exporters. The trade is influenced by the need for flexible, self-contained transport solutions, often in areas with lower passenger density. Key factors include fuel efficiency, emissions regulations, and the ability to operate independently of overhead lines or third rails.
What products fall under HS code 860390?
Diesel Multiple Units (DMUs), hydrogen trains, bi-mode trains, diesel railcars, gas turbine railcars, self-propelled inspection cars (non-maintenance), regional diesel trains
What are common misclassifications for HS code 860390?
This code is differentiated from 8603.10 (externally electric powered vehicles) and 8604.00 (railway maintenance vehicles), as it covers self-propelled passenger/freight vehicles with internal combustion or alternative non-electric external power.
Which countries are the top exporters of goods under HS code 860390?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS code 860390 in UN Comtrade data were Poland ($351M, 58% of world exports), China ($75M) and Switzerland ($46M). World exports came to about $601M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of goods under HS code 860390?
In 2025, the top importers of HS code 860390 in UN Comtrade data were Czechia ($119M, 28% of world imports), Australia ($85M) and Austria ($43M). World imports came to about $423M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
How is HS code 860390 structured?
HS code 860390 is a 6-digit subheading under the Harmonized System. The first 2 digits (86) identify the chapter, digits 3-4 (03) identify the heading, and digits 5-6 (90) specify the subheading. This code is standardized globally by the World Customs Organization.
What is the Brazil NCM code for HS code 860390?
In Brazil, HS code 860390 is NCM 8603.90.00. The last two digits are 00 because Brazil does not split this HS code further.