Product classification
HS code for Cut rubies: 7103.91
Stones, rubies, sapphires and emeralds, worked (other than simply sawn or roughly shaped), not strung, mounted or set.
Classification of cut rubies under HS 7103.91
Cut rubies are classified under HS code 7103.91 because they fall into a specific category of high-value precious stones that the Harmonized System distinguishes from other semi-precious materials. Heading 7103 covers precious and semi-precious stones, but the system provides a specific carve-out for the \"big three\" colored gemstones: rubies, sapphires, and emeralds. The subheading 7103.91 is designated for these three specific varieties when they have been \"worked.\" Working involves labor-intensive processes such as precision faceting, cabochon cutting, or polishing to enhance the stone's optical properties and brilliance. To remain under this code, the rubies must be in a loose state. While the HS allows for temporary stringing for the convenience of transport (provided this does not constitute a permanent setting), any ruby that is mounted into a metal setting or permanently incorporated into an article of jewelry is classified elsewhere. The distinction between 7103.91 and 7103.10 is the level of processing; 7103.10 is for rough or simply sawn stones, whereas 7103.91 requires the stone to be finished and ready for setting. This classification is also strictly for natural rubies; synthetic rubies, even if they are chemically identical, are classified under heading 7104. The high value of these stones often requires precise classification to ensure correct duty application and compliance with trade transparency measures.
- Covers
- Faceted natural rubies
- Ruby cabochons
- Polished emeralds
- Cut natural sapphires
- Worked precious corundum
- Also under 7103.91
- Cartier loose emeralds
- Tiffany & Co. unset sapphires
- Graff polished rubies
- GIA certified loose gemstones
- Chopard unset rubies
Codes often confused with 7103.91
Common mistake. Rubies are often misclassified under 7103.99, which is the general code for other worked stones. However, 7103.91 is the specific and correct code for rubies, sapphires, and emeralds. Additionally, synthetic rubies are often incorrectly placed here instead of 7104.99. Rough, uncut rubies should be classified under 7103.10.
Top exporters and importers of HS 710391 (the code used for cut rubies), 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS 710391 (the code used for cut rubies) in UN Comtrade data was the United States, with 34% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was Hong Kong, with 27% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Figures cover everything classified under HS 710391, not only cut rubies.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 United States $2.7B 34% of world exports
- 2 Thailand $1.5B 19% of world exports
- 3 Hong Kong $1.2B 15% of world exports
World total: $7.9B Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 Hong Kong $1.5B 27% of world imports
- 2 Switzerland $844M 15% of world imports
- 3 United States $791M 14% of world imports
World total: $5.7B Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries that did not report are estimated from what other countries recorded trading with them. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for cut rubies
Brazil classifies cut rubies under NCM 7103.91.00: HS 7103.91 with 00 added.
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text on each NCM page is the official one.
Questions about cut rubies
What is the HS code for Cut rubies?
The HS code for Cut rubies is 710391 (Stones; rubies, sapphires and emeralds, worked (other than simply sawn or roughly shaped), not strung, mounted or set). The HS code for worked natural rubies, sapphires, and emeralds that are not set or mounted is 7103.91.
How do I classify Cut rubies for customs?
Cut rubies is classified under HS code 710391 — Stones; rubies, sapphires and emeralds, worked (other than simply sawn or roughly shaped), not strung, mounted or set. This is a 6-digit subheading level code.
Does this code include lab-grown rubies?
No, lab-grown or synthetic rubies are classified under HS code 7104.99, as they are not natural stones.
Which countries are the top exporters of cut rubies (HS 710391)?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS 710391 (the code used for cut rubies) in UN Comtrade data were the United States ($2.7B, 34% of world exports), Thailand ($1.5B) and Hong Kong ($1.2B). World exports came to about $7.9B, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of cut rubies (HS 710391)?
In 2025, the top importers of HS 710391 (the code used for cut rubies) in UN Comtrade data were Hong Kong ($1.5B, 27% of world imports), Switzerland ($844M) and the United States ($791M). World imports came to about $5.7B, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Is the HS code for Cut rubies the same in all countries?
The base HS code 710391 for Cut rubies is internationally standardized for the first 6 digits across 200+ countries. Individual countries may add additional digits for national tariff lines and specific classifications.
What is the NCM code for cut rubies in Brazil?
In Brazil, cut rubies (HS 710391) is classified under NCM 7103.91.00.