HS code · 6-digit subheading
HS Code 8401.10 – Nuclear reactors
HS code 8401.10 is the 6-digit subheading for nuclear reactors. It is used for pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), boiling Water Reactors (BWR), advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGR), small Modular Reactors (SMR) and fast Breeder Reactors (FBR).
What HS 8401.10 covers
HS 840110 specifically covers nuclear reactors, which are highly complex, capital-intensive, and strategically significant goods used primarily for electricity generation and scientific research. The international trade in nuclear reactors is extremely limited, involving only a handful of countries with advanced nuclear technology and strict regulatory frameworks. Importers are typically nations developing or expanding their nuclear energy programs, often through intergovernmental agreements or long-term contracts with major nuclear technology providers. Exporters are a select group of countries possessing the expertise and manufacturing capabilities to design, construct, and deploy these sophisticated systems. Key considerations in this trade include stringent safety standards, non-proliferation treaties, geopolitical factors, and immense project financing. The trade cycle for a nuclear reactor is exceptionally long, spanning decades from initial planning to operational deployment, making it a unique and highly regulated sector of international commerce.
- Covers
- Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR)
- Boiling Water Reactors (BWR)
- Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGR)
- Small Modular Reactors (SMR)
- Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR)
- Examples
- Westinghouse AP1000
- Areva (now Framatome/EDF) EPR
- Rosatom VVER
- GE Hitachi ABWR
- CANDU reactors
Codes often confused with 8401.10
Common mistake. This code is for complete nuclear reactors, distinct from nuclear fuel elements (284430) or parts of nuclear reactors (840140), which are classified separately.
Top exporters and importers of HS code 840110, 2025
In 2025, the largest exporter of HS code 840110 in UN Comtrade data was Russia, with about 90% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was the United Kingdom, with 59% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports
- 1 Russia* ~$90M 90% of world exports · partner records ↗
- 2 United States $8.1M 8.1% of world exports
- 3 United Kingdom $659K 0.7% of world exports
World total: $100M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
Top importers 2025 · share of world imports
- 1 United Kingdom $145M 59% of world imports
- 2 Türkiye $76M 31% of world imports
- 3 Bolivia $14M 5.8% of world imports
World total: $247M Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗
How these figures are built
109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries marked * did not, so their figures add up what other countries recorded trading with them, and their exports are valued at buyers' CIF prices. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).
Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.
Brazil NCM code for 8401.10
Brazil does not split HS 8401.10: its NCM code is 8401.10.00.
All Brazil NCM codes in heading 84.01 →
Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text is official; the English is our translation.
Questions about HS 8401.10
What is HS code 840110?
HS code 840110 is a 6-digit subheading in the Harmonized System that covers: Nuclear reactors. HS 840110 specifically covers nuclear reactors, which are highly complex, capital-intensive, and strategically significant goods used primarily for electricity generation and scientific research. The international trade in nuclear reactors is extremely limited, involving only a handful of countries with advanced nuclear technology and strict regulatory frameworks. Importers are typically nations developing or expanding their nuclear energy programs, often through intergovernmental agreements or long-term contracts with major nuclear technology providers. Exporters are a select group of countries possessing the expertise and manufacturing capabilities to design, construct, and deploy these sophisticated systems. Key considerations in this trade include stringent safety standards, non-proliferation treaties, geopolitical factors, and immense project financing. The trade cycle for a nuclear reactor is exceptionally long, spanning decades from initial planning to operational deployment, making it a unique and highly regulated sector of international commerce.
What products fall under HS code 840110?
Pressurized Water Reactors (PWR), Boiling Water Reactors (BWR), Advanced Gas-cooled Reactors (AGR), Small Modular Reactors (SMR), Fast Breeder Reactors (FBR)
What are common misclassifications for HS code 840110?
This code is for complete nuclear reactors, distinct from nuclear fuel elements (284430) or parts of nuclear reactors (840140), which are classified separately.
Which countries are the top exporters of goods under HS code 840110?
In 2025, the top exporters of HS code 840110 in UN Comtrade data were Russia (about $90M, 90% of world exports), the United States ($8.1M) and the United Kingdom ($659K). World exports came to about $100M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
Which countries are the top importers of goods under HS code 840110?
In 2025, the top importers of HS code 840110 in UN Comtrade data were the United Kingdom ($145M, 59% of world imports), Türkiye ($76M) and Bolivia ($14M). World imports came to about $247M, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.
How is HS code 840110 structured?
HS code 840110 is a 6-digit subheading under the Harmonized System. The first 2 digits (84) identify the chapter, digits 3-4 (01) identify the heading, and digits 5-6 (10) specify the subheading. This code is standardized globally by the World Customs Organization.
What is the Brazil NCM code for HS code 840110?
In Brazil, HS code 840110 is NCM 8401.10.00. The last two digits are 00 because Brazil does not split this HS code further.