HS code · 6-digit subheading

HS Code 4412.31 – Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood

HS code 4412.31 is the 6-digit subheading for plywood, consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood. It is used for okoume plywood, meranti plywood, keruing plywood, sapele plywood and teak faced plywood.

What HS 4412.31 covers

This HS code covers plywood consisting solely of wood sheets, excluding bamboo, where each ply is 6mm or thinner, and critically, at least one outer ply is made from tropical wood. These panels are highly valued in international trade for their superior durability, natural resistance to moisture and pests, and often striking aesthetic qualities, making them indispensable for marine applications, high-quality furniture, exterior cladding, and decorative interior finishes. Major importers are typically developed nations in Europe, North America, and Japan, seeking specific performance characteristics or exotic appearances. Exporters are predominantly countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America, rich in tropical forest resources. Key considerations for trade include stringent compliance with timber regulations like EUDR and EUTR to combat illegal logging, ensuring the sustainability of sourcing, and verifying the specific tropical species used, as this impacts both performance and market acceptance.

Covers
  • Okoume plywood
  • Meranti plywood
  • Keruing plywood
  • Sapele plywood
  • Teak faced plywood
  • Marine plywood (tropical species)
  • Decorative tropical plywood
  • Bintangor plywood
Examples
  • Sapele marine plywood
  • Meranti structural plywood
  • Okoume exterior plywood
  • Teak veneer panels

Codes often confused with 4412.31

Common mistake. This code is distinct from 4412.33 or 4412.34 by specifically requiring at least one outer ply of *tropical* wood, whereas others specify temperate or non-coniferous woods.

4412.33Plywood; with sheets of wood only; not bamboo; each ply 6mm or less, with at least one outer ply of alder, ash, beech, birch, cherry, chestnut, elm, eucalyptus, hickory, horse chestnut, lime, maple, oak, plane, poplar, aspen, robinia, tulipwood or walnut4412.34Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with at least one outer ply of non-coniferous wood not listed in subheading 4412.33

Top exporters and importers of HS code 441231, 2025

In 2025, the largest exporter of HS code 441231 in UN Comtrade data was Indonesia, with 39% of world exports; the largest importer in UN Comtrade data was Japan, with 22% of world imports. Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.

Top exporters 2025 · share of world exports

  1. 1 Indonesia $1.1B
  2. 2 Malaysia $451M
  3. 3 Vietnam* ~$368M

World total: $3.0B Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗

Top importers 2025 · share of world imports

  1. 1 Japan $677M
  2. 2 United States $430M
  3. 3 South Korea $331M

World total: $3.1B Reported figures on UN Comtrade ↗

How these figures are built

109 countries reported 2025 trade to UN Comtrade in HS 2022, and their own totals are used. Countries marked * did not, so their figures add up what other countries recorded trading with them, and their exports are valued at buyers' CIF prices. Those estimates miss trade with other non-reporting countries, so they can be low, and a non-reporting country can rank higher than shown or be missing from the list. World totals add both and leave out trade between two non-reporting countries. Figures are in current US dollars; reported imports are mostly valued CIF and exports FOB, and exports include re-exports. The UN Comtrade links show the underlying records; they can also list a few reporters left out here (regional groups and older HS editions).

Source: UN Comtrade (United Nations Statistics Division), 2025 annual data.

Brazil NCM code for 4412.31

Brazil does not split HS 4412.31: its NCM code is 4412.31.00.

  1. 4412.31.00 Plywood with tropical wood outer plyCom, pelo menos, uma camada exterior de madeira tropical

All Brazil NCM codes in heading 44.12 →

Source: Siscomex NCM table, updated Oct 2026. The Portuguese text is official; the English is our translation.

EU Regulatory Requirements

This product category is subject to the EU Deforestation Regulation (EUDR). Importers must provide due diligence statements proving the product was not produced on deforested land after December 31, 2020.

This product is covered by the EU Timber Regulation (EUTR), requiring operators to exercise due diligence to minimize the risk of placing illegally harvested timber on the EU market.

Questions about HS 4412.31

What is HS code 441231?

HS code 441231 is a 6-digit subheading in the Harmonized System that covers: Plywood; consisting only of sheets of wood (not bamboo), each ply 6mm or thinner, with at least one outer ply of tropical wood. This HS code covers plywood consisting solely of wood sheets, excluding bamboo, where each ply is 6mm or thinner, and critically, at least one outer ply is made from tropical wood. These panels are highly valued in international trade for their superior durability, natural resistance to moisture and pests, and often striking aesthetic qualities, making them indispensable for marine applications, high-quality furniture, exterior cladding, and decorative interior finishes. Major importers are typically developed nations in Europe, North America, and Japan, seeking specific performance characteristics or exotic appearances. Exporters are predominantly countries in Southeast Asia, Africa, and South America, rich in tropical forest resources. Key considerations for trade include stringent compliance with timber regulations like EUDR and EUTR to combat illegal logging, ensuring the sustainability of sourcing, and verifying the specific tropical species used, as this impacts both performance and market acceptance.

What products fall under HS code 441231?

Okoume plywood, Meranti plywood, Keruing plywood, Sapele plywood, Teak faced plywood, Marine plywood (tropical species), Decorative tropical plywood, Bintangor plywood

What are common misclassifications for HS code 441231?

This code is distinct from 4412.33 or 4412.34 by specifically requiring at least one outer ply of *tropical* wood, whereas others specify temperate or non-coniferous woods.

Which countries are the top exporters of goods under HS code 441231?

In 2025, the top exporters of HS code 441231 in UN Comtrade data were Indonesia ($1.1B, 39% of world exports), Malaysia ($451M) and Vietnam (about $368M). World exports came to about $3.0B, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.

Which countries are the top importers of goods under HS code 441231?

In 2025, the top importers of HS code 441231 in UN Comtrade data were Japan ($677M, 22% of world imports), the United States ($430M) and South Korea ($331M). World imports came to about $3.1B, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.

How is HS code 441231 structured?

HS code 441231 is a 6-digit subheading under the Harmonized System. The first 2 digits (44) identify the chapter, digits 3-4 (12) identify the heading, and digits 5-6 (31) specify the subheading. This code is standardized globally by the World Customs Organization.

What is the Brazil NCM code for HS code 441231?

In Brazil, HS code 441231 is NCM 4412.31.00. The last two digits are 00 because Brazil does not split this HS code further.