HS Code 28.34 – Nitrites; nitrates

HS code 2834 is a 4-digit heading in the Harmonized System that covers: Nitrites; nitrates. HS Code 2834 covers nitrites and nitrates, a class of inorganic chemicals with critical applications across agriculture, food preservation, and specialized industries. Nitrates, particularly ammonium nitrate and potassium nitrate, are cornerstones of the fertilizer industry, providing essential nitrogen for plant growth. Beyond agriculture, nitrates find use in explosives, pyrotechnics, and as oxidizers in various chemical processes. Nitrites, such as sodium nitrite, are primarily known for their role as curing agents and preservatives in processed meats, inhibiting bacterial growth and contributing to color and flavor. They also serve as chemical intermediates in dye production and as corrosion inhibitors. The scope of this heading includes chemically defined salts of nitrous acid (for nitrites) and nitric acid (for nitrates). Accurate classification under 2834 is paramount for trade compliance, given the dual-use nature of some nitrates (e.g., ammonium nitrate, which can be used in explosives) and the strict regulations governing food additives (e.g., sodium nitrite). This classification dictates specific import/export licenses, safety protocols, and duty rates. Historically, the Haber-Bosch process for ammonia synthesis revolutionized the production of nitrogen fertilizers, making nitrates globally significant commodities. As part of Chapter 28, this heading provides a clear distinction for these nitrogen-oxygen inorganic salts, essential for numerous industrial and agricultural processes.

Sodium nitrite, Potassium nitrite, Ammonium nitrate (fertilizer grade), Potassium nitrate, Calcium nitrate, Magnesium nitrate, Sodium nitrate, Barium nitrate, Silver nitrate, Lead nitrate, Ferric nitrate, Strontium nitrate, Lithium nitrate, Cupric nitrate, Zinc nitrate, Aluminum nitrate, Cobalt nitrate, Nickel nitrate, Chromium nitrate, Manganese nitrate, Uranyl nitrate, Curing salt (sodium nitrite-based)

A frequent misclassification occurs when distinguishing pure nitrites/nitrates (2834) from nitrogenous fertilizers of Chapter 31. While many nitrates are used as fertilizers, Heading 2834 is for chemically defined, pure compounds. If the product is a blend or preparation specifically put up for use as a fertilizer, it may fall under Chapter 31. Additionally, confusion can arise between nitrites (NO2-) and nitrates (NO3-) due to similar names; accurate chemical identification is vital. Misclassification can lead to significant regulatory issues, especially for dual-use nitrates which may require specific licenses and security clearances, or for food-grade nitrites subject to strict import controls and safety certifications.

In 2025, the top exporters of HS code 2834 in UN Comtrade data were Chile ($306M, 25% of world exports), China ($258M) and Jordan (about $127M). World exports came to about $1.2B, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.

In 2025, the top importers of HS code 2834 in UN Comtrade data were Spain ($183M, 12% of world imports), the Netherlands ($164M) and the United States ($131M). World imports came to about $1.5B, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.

HS code 2834 is a 4-digit heading under Chapter 28 of the Harmonized System. The first 2 digits (28) identify the chapter, and digits 3-4 (34) specify the heading. This code contains multiple 6-digit subheadings for precise product classification.