About HS Code 2821
HS Code 2821 comprehensively covers iron oxides and hydroxides, alongside natural earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron, evaluated as Fe2O3. This heading encompasses a vital range of inorganic chemicals, from synthetic iron oxides like hematite (red), magnetite (black), and goethite (yellow) to natural pigments such as ochres, siennas, and umbers, provided they meet the specific iron content threshold. The scope is defined by the chemical nature (oxides/hydroxides of iron) and, for earth colours, a strict minimum of 70% Fe2O3, differentiating them from less concentrated natural minerals or prepared pigments classified elsewhere. Key sub-categories include various grades of synthetic iron oxides used as pigments, catalysts, and magnetic materials, as well as processed natural iron oxide pigments. This classification is crucial for trade compliance as these materials are fundamental inputs across diverse industries, from paints, plastics, and construction materials to cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and advanced magnetic applications. Accurate classification ensures correct duty rates, adherence to chemical regulations (e.g., REACH, TSCA), and proper documentation for hazardous materials where applicable. Historically, iron oxides are among the oldest pigments, with modern industrial demand driven by their versatility and cost-effectiveness. This heading sits within Chapter 28, representing basic inorganic chemicals, serving as foundational building blocks for more complex products.
Products Under This Code
Red iron oxide pigment, yellow iron oxide pigment, black iron oxide pigment, synthetic hematite, magnetite powder, iron hydroxide slurry, limonite pigment, natural ochre, burnt sienna, raw umber, iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetic iron oxide, ferrite precursors, iron oxide for water purification, iron oxide for cosmetics, iron oxide for animal feed, iron oxide for brake pads, iron oxide for anti-corrosion paints, iron oxide for plastics coloring, iron oxide for ceramics
Real World Examples
A Chinese chemical manufacturer exports several containers of synthetic red iron oxide pigment to a paint and coatings factory in Germany, where it is used in automotive paints for its durability and vibrant colour. An Indian mining company ships bulk quantities of natural yellow ochre, meeting the 70% Fe2O3 content, to a construction materials producer in the United Arab Emirates for use in coloured concrete and paving stones. A US-based pharmaceutical company imports high-purity iron oxide nanoparticles from South Korea for research and development into advanced MRI contrast agents. A Brazilian pigment supplier exports several pallets of processed burnt sienna to an art supply distributor in France, catering to artists and art material manufacturers.
Common Misclassification
Common misclassifications under HS 2821 often arise from confusing raw materials with processed chemicals or prepared mixtures. Traders might incorrectly classify iron ores (HS 2601) under 2821 if they overlook that 2821 requires the material to be in an oxide/hydroxide form suitable for chemical or pigment use, not primarily for iron extraction. Another error is classifying prepared pigments, such as those mixed with extenders, binders, or other colouring agents, under 2821 instead of HS 3206 (Other colouring matter; preparations). The critical 70% Fe2O3 threshold for earth colours is also frequently missed, leading to incorrect classification if the natural pigment falls below this concentration.
Subheadings 2
Industry
This code belongs to the Chemicals industry.
Trade Overview
China is a dominant global exporter of synthetic iron oxides, while countries like India and Brazil are significant for natural earth colours. Major importers include the USA, Germany, Japan, and other EU member states, driven by their extensive manufacturing industries (paints, plastics, construction). Tariffs for iron oxides are generally low or duty-free under various Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) due to their status as industrial raw materials. However, environmental regulations, particularly in the EU (e.g., REACH), necessitate stringent compliance regarding chemical registration and safety data sheets for imported products.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is HS code 2821?
HS code 2821 is a 4-digit heading in the Harmonized System that covers: Iron oxides and hydroxides; earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron evaluated as Fe2o3. HS Code 2821 comprehensively covers iron oxides and hydroxides, alongside natural earth colours containing 70% or more by weight of combined iron, evaluated as Fe2O3. This heading encompasses a vital range of inorganic chemicals, from synthetic iron oxides like hematite (red), magnetite (black), and goethite (yellow) to natural pigments such as ochres, siennas, and umbers, provided they meet the specific iron content threshold. The scope is defined by the chemical nature (oxides/hydroxides of iron) and, for earth colours, a strict minimum of 70% Fe2O3, differentiating them from less concentrated natural minerals or prepared pigments classified elsewhere. Key sub-categories include various grades of synthetic iron oxides used as pigments, catalysts, and magnetic materials, as well as processed natural iron oxide pigments. This classification is crucial for trade compliance as these materials are fundamental inputs across diverse industries, from paints, plastics, and construction materials to cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, and advanced magnetic applications. Accurate classification ensures correct duty rates, adherence to chemical regulations (e.g., REACH, TSCA), and proper documentation for hazardous materials where applicable. Historically, iron oxides are among the oldest pigments, with modern industrial demand driven by their versatility and cost-effectiveness. This heading sits within Chapter 28, representing basic inorganic chemicals, serving as foundational building blocks for more complex products.
What products fall under HS code 2821?
Red iron oxide pigment, yellow iron oxide pigment, black iron oxide pigment, synthetic hematite, magnetite powder, iron hydroxide slurry, limonite pigment, natural ochre, burnt sienna, raw umber, iron oxide nanoparticles, magnetic iron oxide, ferrite precursors, iron oxide for water purification, iron oxide for cosmetics, iron oxide for animal feed, iron oxide for brake pads, iron oxide for anti-corrosion paints, iron oxide for plastics coloring, iron oxide for ceramics
What are common misclassifications for HS code 2821?
Common misclassifications under HS 2821 often arise from confusing raw materials with processed chemicals or prepared mixtures. Traders might incorrectly classify iron ores (HS 2601) under 2821 if they overlook that 2821 requires the material to be in an oxide/hydroxide form suitable for chemical or pigment use, not primarily for iron extraction. Another error is classifying prepared pigments, such as those mixed with extenders, binders, or other colouring agents, under 2821 instead of HS 3206 (Other colouring matter; preparations). The critical 70% Fe2O3 threshold for earth colours is also frequently missed, leading to incorrect classification if the natural pigment falls below this concentration.
Which countries trade the most under HS code 2821?
China is a dominant global exporter of synthetic iron oxides, while countries like India and Brazil are significant for natural earth colours. Major importers include the USA, Germany, Japan, and other EU member states, driven by their extensive manufacturing industries (paints, plastics, construction). Tariffs for iron oxides are generally low or duty-free under various Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) due to their status as industrial raw materials. However, environmental regulations, particularly in the EU (e.g., REACH), necessitate stringent compliance regarding chemical registration and safety data sheets for imported products.
How is HS code 2821 structured?
HS code 2821 is a 4-digit heading under Chapter 28 of the Harmonized System. The first 2 digits (28) identify the chapter, and digits 3-4 (21) specify the heading. This code contains multiple 6-digit subheadings for precise product classification.