HS Code 71.16 – Articles of natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed)

HS code 7116 is a 4-digit heading in the Harmonized System that covers: Articles of natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones (natural, synthetic or reconstructed). Heading 7116 covers articles made of natural or cultured pearls, precious or semi-precious stones, whether natural, synthetic, or reconstructed. This classification is vital for items where the pearl or stone itself constitutes the primary character of the article, and not merely a component set in precious metal (which would typically fall under 7113). The scope is broad, encompassing everything from simple strung beads and loose pearls to intricately carved figurines, decorative objects, and unmounted pendants. The key determinant is that the article is 'of' the pearl or stone, meaning it is substantially formed from or primarily characterized by these materials. This heading excludes articles where the precious metal setting gives the article its essential character (e.g., a diamond ring with a prominent gold band). It also differentiates from merely cut or polished stones (7103) or raw pearls (7101), as 7116 applies to *articles* made from these materials. For trade compliance, accurate classification under 7116 is critical due to varying duties, potential luxury taxes, and specific regulations such as CITES (Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora) for certain materials like coral or specific types of pearls. Historically, articles of pearls and precious stones have been highly valued for their beauty and rarity, driving significant global trade, particularly from regions rich in these natural resources, and contributing to the rich tapestry of Chapter 71's focus on natural treasures.

Loose cultured pearls, Strands of natural pearls, Carved jade figurines, Polished amethyst geodes, Sapphire beads, Ruby cabochons (unmounted), Emerald pendants (without precious metal bail), Turquoise carvings, Opal spheres, Amber necklaces (without precious metal clasps), Obsidian sculptures, Lapis lazuli beads, Mother-of-pearl buttons, Coral ornaments, Gemstone dice, Gemstone chess pieces, Quartz massage wands, Agate coasters, Moonstone pendants (without precious metal fittings), Pearl earrings (without precious metal settings), Jade bangles, Tiger's eye bracelets (simply strung), Peridot chips for decoration, Garnet tumbles, Sunstone palm stones

A common misclassification occurs when articles primarily made of precious metal, but incorporating pearls or stones, are placed under 7116 instead of 7113 (Jewellery of precious metal). The key is the 'essential character' – if the precious metal setting dominates, it's 7113. Conversely, articles made with imitation pearls or stones are often wrongly classified here instead of 7117 (Imitation jewellery). Lastly, raw or simply cut/polished stones and pearls that are not yet 'articles' (e.g., loose, unstrung stones not intended for direct use as an article) should be classified under 7101 (Pearls) or 7103 (Precious stones), not 7116.

In 2025, the top exporters of HS code 7116 in UN Comtrade data were the United States ($372M, 20% of world exports), China ($216M) and Vietnam (about $174M). World exports came to about $1.8B, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.

In 2025, the top importers of HS code 7116 in UN Comtrade data were the United States ($861M, 37% of world imports), Switzerland ($133M) and Germany ($101M). World imports came to about $2.3B, adding countries' reported figures and partner-based estimates for those that did not report (UN Comtrade data). Countries that did not report 2025 data are estimated from partner records, which can understate them.

HS code 7116 is a 4-digit heading under Chapter 71 of the Harmonized System. The first 2 digits (71) identify the chapter, and digits 3-4 (16) specify the heading. This code contains multiple 6-digit subheadings for precise product classification.