How to Read an HS Code — Decode Any Tariff Code in 60 Seconds
2026-03-05 · HSCodeAtlas.com
HS codes look like random numbers, but they follow a logical structure. Once you understand it, you can decode any code in seconds.
The Structure
Every HS code is built from left to right, getting more specific with each pair of digits:
84 71 30
│ │ │
│ │ └─ Subheading: Portable computers
│ └───── Heading: Data processing machines
└───────── Chapter: Machinery
Level by Level
Section (Roman numerals I–XXI)
The broadest grouping. There are 21 sections covering all traded goods. Sections aren’t part of the numeric code but organize the chapters.
- Sections I–IV: Animals, plants, food
- Sections V–VII: Minerals, chemicals, plastics
- Sections VIII–XII: Leather, wood, textiles
- Sections XIII–XV: Stone, metals
- Section XVI: Machinery and electronics
- Sections XVII–XXI: Vehicles, instruments, arms, art
Chapter (first 2 digits)
There are 97 chapters. The chapter tells you the broad product category.
- 01-05: Live animals and animal products
- 06-14: Vegetable products
- 25-27: Minerals and fuels
- 28-38: Chemicals
- 39-40: Plastics and rubber
- 50-63: Textiles
- 72-83: Metals
- 84-85: Machinery and electronics
- 86-89: Vehicles and transport
- 90-92: Instruments
Heading (first 4 digits)
About 1,200 headings provide more specific groupings within each chapter.
Example: Chapter 84 contains headings like:
- 8418 — Refrigerators
- 8450 — Washing machines
- 8471 — Computers
Subheading (all 6 digits)
About 5,300 subheadings give the most specific classification at the international level.
Example: Heading 8471 breaks down into:
- 847130 — Portable computers (laptops)
- 847141 — Other computers with display
- 847150 — Processing units
Real Examples
| Code | Read as | Product |
|---|---|---|
| 090111 | 09-01-11 | Unroasted coffee, not decaf |
| 610910 | 61-09-10 | Cotton T-shirts, knitted |
| 870322 | 87-03-22 | Cars, 1000-1500cc engine |
Tips for Reading Codes
- Start with the chapter — this tells you the general category
- Look at the heading — this narrows to the product type
- Check the subheading — this pins down the specific variant
- “Other” codes (ending in 0 or 9) are catch-all categories
- Even vs odd last digits sometimes distinguish variants
Practice
Try decoding these:
Tools
- Browse all chapters — See the full structure
- HS Code Finder — Identify codes for your products
- HS Code Validator — Check if a code exists